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FlexPep Journal
Guides, peptide science, storage best practices, and industry news from our research team. Written for in-vitro research use only.
ResearchResearch-grade and pharmaceutical-grade peptides can share an identical amino acid sequence but differ fundamentally in manufacturing standard, quality-control process, regulatory pathway and legally permitted use. One is made and sold for laboratory research; the other has gone through a licensing process for a specific therapeutic use in humans.
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ResearchSS-31 (elamipretide) targets the mitochondrial membrane directly via cardiolipin binding, while MOTS-C is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that appears to signal to the nucleus during metabolic stress — related research areas, but different mechanisms and very different evidence maturity levels.
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ResearchGHK-Cu and KPV are both studied in tissue-repair and anti-inflammatory contexts, but GHK-Cu is a copper-binding gene-expression modulator while KPV is the smallest active fragment of alpha-MSH, isolating its anti-inflammatory signal.
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ResearchSelank and Kisspeptin are both studied for their effects on brain and hormone signalling, but they operate in entirely separate systems — Selank in anxiolytic/neurochemical research, Kisspeptin in the reproductive hormone cascade.
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ResearchNAD+ is a coenzyme central to energy metabolism and enzyme signalling, while glutathione is a tripeptide antioxidant central to oxidative-stress defence and detoxification — related to cellular health broadly, but biochemically distinct research subjects.
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ResearchIpamorelin and Tesamorelin both relate to growth-hormone research but act via entirely different receptor pathways — Ipamorelin through the ghrelin (GHS-R1a) receptor, Tesamorelin through the GHRH receptor — which is the single most important distinction between them.
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ResearchBPC-157 and TB-500 are frequently discussed together because both are studied in tissue-repair contexts, but they come from entirely different biological origins and are proposed to act through different mechanisms — gastric-protein-derived local signalling versus actin-binding cell migration.
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ResearchKisspeptin sits at the top of the reproductive hormone cascade, triggering GnRH release from the hypothalamus. This article goes beyond the basic overview to look specifically at what human research studies — a rarity in this field — have actually measured.
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ResearchSS-31 (elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeted peptide that became the base molecule behind FORZINITY, the first FDA-approved mitochondrial peptide therapy, in October 2025. This update covers what that approval does and doesn't change for SS-31 research materials sold in the UK.
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